Sunday, 1 June 2014

MY JOURNAL - JOURNEY OF LIFE

Saturday, 22nd March 2014

The first day of my mid-term break. Everything moved very slow and steady. As usual, as a Muslim, I started my day with Fajr prayers, and then continued sleeping. We had brunch at our favorite place; I had sunny side omelet with hash brown potatoes and a cup of tea with mint leaves.
We stopped at a bookshop; Kinokuniya at Level 4 of KLCC. This is one of my favorite bookstores and sometimes I treat this place as a library for free and easy reading. I love this place very much. It has a large variety of books, especially Japanese Manga and Dragon Ball. I have a small collection of Dragon Ball comics and CDs of Kamen Rider.

We adjourned to a cinema to watch a new movie; 300: The Rise of an Empire. When I was at Sayfol International School, I learned about the history of the Ancient Egyptians, the Romans, the Greeks, the Anglo-Saxons, the Vikings and the Tudors. I appreciate this genre of movie. This movie was directed by Noam Murro and this was a prequel and sequel to the 2007 film "300", Zack Snyder's fictionalized retelling of the Battle of Thermopylae, where King Leonidas leads 300 Spartans into battle against Persian "God King" Xerxes and his army of more than one million soldiers. The film covers the Battle of Artemisia (a possible reference to the Battle of Salamis or the Battle of Artemisium which was concurrent with the battle at Thermopylae) was fought between an alliance of Greek city-states and the Persian Empire in September 480 BC, in the straits between the mainland and Salamis, an island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens. It marked the high point of the second Persian invasion of Greece which had begun in 480 BC. It will also cover some of Xerxes' backstory, explaining how he became the "God King".

The movie was very cruel, especially the war scenes, but it was totally worth watching it. I plan to watch Captain America before coming back to the hostel. My family, especially my mother, loves watching movies.
At night, I did revision for Additional and Modern Mathematics for my upcoming Level One exam for Add Math and Modern Math under Miss Suzaina’s supervision. I have completed my Modern Mathematics and Additional Mathematics for Form 4 and 5 last year, under tutelage of Encik Ahmat. He was an amazing teacher who guided me in all the topics. I give my thanks to him for helping me come this far. Later, I updated my blog and played computer games; Minecraft. I also checked my Facebook and Instagram before I ended my day.

Sunday, 23rd March 2014
Today was very thrilling as my family and I had the opportunity to go to Sunway Lagoon today. It has been a long time since I last went to Sunway Lagoon. The last time I went there was about two years ago, when I was ten years. I woke up at 6.30 a.m. for Subuh prayers in congregation led by my father, and then recited ‘zikir’ and ‘dua’. At around 8.30 a.m., after showering, dressing up and having breakfast, we brought our bags to the car and drove for 30 minutes to Sunway Lagoon.

Since today was a Sunday, the traffic was very smooth and we arrived at Sunway Lagoon at 9.30 a.m. When we arrived at the counter, there were not many people lining up to buy tickets. My father paid for the Family Package, which is only offered during school holidays, for two children and two adults for about RM275. He also uploaded RM150 to the bracelets since all of the purchases made in Sunway Lagoon were made cashless. We waited until 10.00 a.m. before entering the big theme park. While waiting to enter, I was very excited and many foreigners were cueing to enter, especially the tourists from the Middle East. When we entered the park, we were greeted by many of the theme park’s mascots. I was surprised when I saw three of the mascots; a big monster, an axe-wielding killer and another pole-holding killer. We also took photos with them.

We started by going to the Water Park. We changed to our swimming attire and went to the Wave Pool, a long pool with depths from 0.5 meters to 2.2+ meters which has artificial waves. We put our belongings near the pool under a hut and then my parents rented a double tube from the rental counter for RM30. We then played in the Wave Pool for a while before I headed to two other rides with my brother.
This time, I have decided to try all of the extreme rides. The last visit, I was scared to try. The first ride was the slithery adventures of the African Pythons. I felt scared in the beginning, but it was fun on the other hand. Later, I tried the six-lane Congo Challenge, which was full of adrenaline and thrill.Finally, I tried the Cameroon Climb with my brother, Ryan. My brother and I never shouted or closed our eyes and enjoyed during the trip down the very slithery and watery adventures on the wild side of the Waters of Africa.

 After a few trials on the rides, at around 12:30 p.m., we had lunch at Station One restaurant. We ate chicken rice and had coke for drinks. After lunch, I proceeded to the next ride, one of the best rides in Sunway Lagoon; the Vuvuzela. The Vuvuzela is the world’s highest, largest and most thrilling water ride. Its slide with twists and turns of 152 meters and its 22-meter long funnel. On the first try, I climbed the eleven-storey high staircase, and then rocketed through a thrilling series of twist and turns of 152 meters in length which can be likened to riding in rapids in a flooding river. The raft plummeted into the world’s largest water funnel of 22 meters in diameter and experienced zero gravity. I shot up the other side of the funnel to reach the apex of the Vuvuzela through similar thrilling oscillations before exiting the flume in one final splashtacular plunge. The Vuvuzela was thrilling, big and loud. It was very scary and awesome. The raft almost turned 90o. After going on the scary slide, I went for a second time, this time with my brother.

Later, we adjourned to the dry parks. We started with the Scream Park. When we arrived at the Scream Park, we entered the Haunted House. In the Haunted House, many of the things in it scared me; the zombies and the sounds of door shutting. I was at the back of the line. Unknowingly, a zombie tried to walk behind my father. At the end of the Haunted House, an axe-wielding killer suddenly appeared, swinging his axe, almost hitting me. I felt very shocked, surprised and scared.

After the Haunted House, we went on the Wheel Wagon, a Ferris wheel to cool down and remove the stress from the Haunted House. After that, we went to another ride. It was very nice. It was a very fun, thrilling, surprising and memorable day for me. This time, I was not like was before; now I am willing to take the risk, all for enjoyment. That ends my day.

Monday, 24th March 2014
Third day of my mid-term break. My dad and mum were working that day. They placed me at my grandparents’ house in the adjacent neighborhood. I took along a load of books and my novel, The Testament by John Grisham. I have a very wide variety of John Grisham, James Patterson and Agatha Christie as well as J.K. Rowling novels but my favorite authors are still John Grisham and James Patterson.
My mother has a huge collection of novels, especially about women-related issues. Her favorite series is the Twilight series by Stephanie Meyer and the Sophie Kinsella series. We have a mini library in our house with a collection of around two thousand books, including three set of encyclopedia and a collection of bibliographies and memoirs like Prophet Muhammad s.a.w., Tun Mahathir, Lee Kuan Yew, Mathma Ghandi, Nelson Mandela, Steve Jobs, Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg. We also have caricatures of Dato’ Latt.

In the afternoon, I went to the mosque with my grandfather to pray Zuhur. My grandfather retired auditors from Felda Trading and is currently an insurance agent of Etiqa. He is a very kind, pious and gentle man. Later, I helped my grandmother to sort out the clothes, thread and clean up the mess. My grandmother is a tailor. She can sew clothes and women’s scarf (tudung). She has her own collection of designs. She is also a ‘tudung’ designer. She sells about forty to fifty pieces a week. She is also able to sew curtains and ‘baju kurung’. She is very details and dedicated to her work. She also is good in cooking. She took care of my brother and I since the first day we were born. She is strict but has a pure heart. She always advices me to pray as instructed by Allah s.w.t. She is also very pious and always recites the Quran.

At night, I continued with the revision for Mathematics and started with Chemistry. As usual, I updated my Instagram, Facebook and played games. Though I am busy with other matters, I never forget to update myself of the latest news of the ill-fated flight MH370. After our Prime Minister announced that the MH370 flight ended in the Southern Indian Ocean, I felt very sad and would like to give my deepest condolences to the relatives of the passengers and crew of the MH370 flight. I also did research on the Doppler Effect of how Inmarsat is able to trace the journey of MH370 towards the Southern Corridor. That ends my day.

Tuesday, 25th March 2014
As usual, we started our day as what Muslims do. I followed my father to his office. My father has his own legal firm known as MESSRS. AZAM IDZHAM AZMAN & PARTNERS in Kuala Lumpur and Shah Alam. I love to come to my father’s office due to its high UniFi speed, 10 gigabytes. It is really fast. I can download games and videos in no time.
On the same time, I learned French from YouTube and surfed the Internet on MH370’s updates. In the evening, I just watched television; Korean drama. That ends my day.

Wednesday, 26th March 2014
As usual, we started our day as what Muslims do. I still followed my father to his office. I finished up my James Patterson novel for the whole day.
I updated my blog, Facebook and Instagram. Not many activities today. I just let the time flow. At night, I continued my Mathematics revision to prepare for the exam after the mid-term break. Later on, I just watched TV before going to sleep. That ends my day.

Thursday, 27th March 2014
As usual, we started our day with prayers and d’ua. I still followed my father to his office. I continued downloading games, videos and songs to my iPhone 3GS.
On the same time, I continued learning French from YouTube and updated my blog, Facebook and Instagram. At night, I recited Quran and learned Agama with my father. Later on, I just watched TV before going to sleep. That ends my day.

Friday, 28th March 2014
Today, my parents decided to go to Muar. We started our day at 6.45 a.m. Since today was a Friday, after Fajr prayers, we continued with zikir, tahlil and dua. My father continued reciting Al-Kahfi. My mother was busy packing and I was busy arranging all of my stuff to take back to the hostel. We decided to stop at PermataPintar on the way to Muar.

On the way to Muar, I checked Facebook and continued doing my revision on Chemistry. I also started to write my journal after seeing a post from Miss Dee on the K3: Foundation 1 group. I quite prefer to write it in Microsoft Word instead of pens due to its easy editing process. I also called Hakim to inform about the post. We intend to stop at Hakim’s house in Tangkak, Muar but due to the short time available, we proceeded straight to Muar town. The first stop was my uncle’s house. He was not well and he was recently discharged from the hospital due to lung problem. I played with my cousins and each of us updated on our studies.

The next house was my aunt’s house. Her house is surrounded by an orchard of mangosteens, durians, dukus, and rambutans. She is very kind but her husband is having a prostate problem and is in the process of curing. I also continued my journal at my aunt’s house.

Every time we visit Muar, we never fail to enjoy Muar food, especially mee bandung, mee rebus, satay, rojak petis and nasi briyani. The food in Muar is very mouth-watering. Muar is also famous for its green mussels. We’re used to cook spaghetti bolognaise with seafood, especially prawns and mussels.
While we were enjoying food under the sky at the Muar riverbank, all of a sudden, it started to rain. Luckily, we almost finished our meal and urgently back to the hotel. We stayed at Muar Traders Hotel facing the Muar River and close to the Straits of Malacca. Another beauty of Muar is Tanjung Muar, which was decorated with trees of light. My family played kites and light toys. It was so fun. Further, I like to see the sunset at the Muar River facing the Straits of Malacca. It is so beautiful and cool.

I continued updating the journal up to this day and ended it here, in my hotel bed, all cozy and comfy. That ends my day.

SEJARAH - ASSIGNMENT - SEMESTER 1 2014 - FOUNDATION 1

Soalan 1
Berbagai kaedah pengkajian sejarah dalam membuktikan bahawa pelbagai sumber sejarah yang dibuktikan kesahihannya. Bincang kaedah-kaedah pengkajian sejarah tersebut. Berikan contoh:

a.      Kaedah lisan ->

-          Sumber lisan ialah sesuatu yang diucapkan atau diberitahu oleh orang sumber
-          Ahli sejarah memperolehi maklumat sejarah malalui cerita-cerita lisan atau pengucapan oleh seseorang tokoh
-          Maklumat yang diperolehi terus daripada responden melalui ucapan, penceritaan dan perbualan dinamakan kaedah lisan
-          Sumber sejarah yang diperolehi melalui akedah lisan berkait rapat dengan sasterarakyat seperti mitos, lagenda dan puisi
-          Ahli sejarah perlu mengelakkan diri daripada memasukkan unsur tokok tambah
-          Ilmu sains dan teknologi menyebabkan televisyen, internet, televedio, cakera padat pita rakaman menjadi sumber lisan utama. Ini juga dikenali sebagai kaedah pandang dengar
-          Menonton berita dan liputan secara langsung melalui televisyen dianggap sebagai sumber lisan
-          Kaedah mendapat sumber lisan yang lain ialah melalui :
                                                       [i]            Temu ramah atau perbualan.
                                                     [ii]            Penceritaan atau pengkisahan.
-          Kaedah temuramah dan penceritaan ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan latar belakang ataupun pandangan daripada seorang tokoh


b.      Kaedah bertulis ->

-          Sumber bertulis terdiri daripada catatan yang ditulis, dilakar atau dipahat pada :
                                                     [i]            batu
                                                   [ii]            dinding gua;
                                                 [iii]            kulit kayu;
                                                  [iv]            daun kayu;
                                                    [v]            logam;
                                                  [vi]            gading;
                                                [vii]            kertas
-          Melalui sumber ini, ahli sejarawan boleh memperoleh maklumat mengenai sesuatu :
                                                     [i]            perkara;
                                                   [ii]            peristiwa;
                                                 [iii]            tokoh;
                                                  [iv]            kejadian;
                                                    [v]            perundangan;
                                                  [vi]            adat resam.
-          Contoh sumber bertulis yang terkenal ialah Batu Bersurat Terengganu yang dijumpai pada 1303 Masihi di Kuala Berang Terengganu.  Contoh lain ialah Sejarah Melayu mengenai Kesultanan Melayu Melaka.

c.       Kaedah arkeologi ->

-          Melalui kaedah arkeologi, fakta yang diperolehi didapati dengan proses gali cari bahan-bahan purba yang tertanam di dalam tanah atau dasar laut
-          Juga merupakan kajian saintifik.
-          Barang-barang yang dijumpai dikenali sebagai artifak yang dapat menjelaskan kegiatan dan kebudayaan manusia zaman dahulu. Kebanyakan bahan ini disimpan di Muzium Negara atau Arkib Negara.
-          Contoh melalui kaedah arkeologi ialah fosil, monumen dan candi seperti Candi Lembah Bujang, Kedah.

Rujukan:
Nota & Praktis yes! Sejarah Tingkatan 1 – Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd.
WHIZZ THRU Sejarah TINGKATAN 1, 2 & 3 – Oxford Fajar









Soalan 2
Sebagai seorang pelajar, bagaimana caranya untuk anda menghayati tujuan mempelajari sejarah?
Sebagai seorang pelajar, kita mestilah tahu tentang sejarah tamadun awal bangsa dengan melawat seperti Muzium Negara ataupun Arkib Negara. Melaluinya kita dapat melahirkan jati diri yang tinggi serta membentuk keperibadian bangsa dengan menghapuskan rasa rendah diri.
Selain itu, dengan menghayati sambutan Pengisytiharan Hari Kemerdekaan pada 31 Ogos 1957, kita boleh mengetahui bagaimana kita bebas daripada penjajahan British. Kita juga boleh mengenali tokoh pejuang seperti Tuanku Abdul Rahman Putra yang berusaha sehingga Berjaya mendapatkan kemerdekaan kepada Tanah Melayu. Begitu juga Tok Janggut yang berjuang menghalau para penjajah.  Melaluinya kita akan lebih menghargai usaha dan jasa pemimpin masa dulu dan masa sekarang.
Seterusnya, sejarah mengajar kita agar berhati-hati untuk tidak mengulangi kesilapan lampau seperti peristiwa 13 Mei 1969 di mana berlakunya pertumpahan darah di antara kaum Cina  dan Melayu sehingga darurat terpaksa diisytihar.
Kita juga boleh mempelajari sejarah dengan memahami Perlembagaan Persekutuan yang mana membincangkan kontrak sosial, hak keistimewaan orang Melayu, hak Persekutuan serta hak negeri-negeri.

Rujukan:
Nota & Praktis yes! Sejarah Tingkatan 1 – Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd.
WHIZZ THRU Sejarah TINGKATAN 1, 2 & 3 – Oxford Fajar






Soalan 3
Apakah pendapat anda tentang teori Charles Darwin dan berikan sebab anda berpendapat demikian.
Charles Darwin adalah seorang naturalis berbangsa Inggeris.  Buku Charles Darwin iaitu On The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life merupakan karya terkenal sehingga kini. Buku ini menjelaskan evolusi mengenai garis keturunan yang sama.
Dalam teorinya ia mengatakan: "Suatu benda (bahan) mengalami perubahan dari yang tidak sempurna menuju kepada kesempurnaan".Kemudian ia memperluas teorinya ini hingga sampai kepada asal-usul manusia. Menurutnya manusia sekarang ini adalah hasil yang paling sempurna dari perkembangan tersebut secara teratur oleh hukum-hukum mekanik seperti halnya tumbuhan dan haiwan.  Kemudian lahirlah suatu ajaran(pengertian) bahwa manusia yang ada sekarang ini merupakan hasil evolusi dari kera-kera besar (manusia kera berjalan tegak) selama bertahun-tahun dan telah mencapai bentuk yang paling sempurna.
Hal ini diantaranya merupakan kelemahan teori yang dikemukakan oleh Darwin. Di dalam teorinya Darwin berpendapat bahawa manusia berasal dari perkembangan makhluk sejenis kera yang sederhana kemudian berkembang menjadi haiwan kera tingkat tinggi sampai akhirnya menjadi manusia. Makhluk yang tertua yang ditemukan dengan bentuk mirip manusia adalah Australopithecus yang diperkirakan umurnya antara 350.000 - 1.000.000 tahun dengan ukuran otak sekitar 450 - 1450 cm3. Perkembangan dengan perubahan volume otak ini besar pengaruhnya bagi kecerdasan otak manusia. Australopithecus yang mempunyai volume otak rata-rata 450 cm3 berevolusi menjadi manusia kera (Neandertal) yang mempunyai volume otak 1450 cm3. Dari penelitian ini diperkirakan dalam waktu antara 400.000-500.000 tahun volume otak itu bertambah 1000 cm3. Tetapi anehnya perkembangan dari Neandertal ke manusia modern sekarang ini selama ± 100.000 tahun volume otaknya tidak berkembang. Teori ini tidak mengemukakan alasannya.
Jadi secara jujur dapat kita katakan bahawa teori yang dianggap ilmiah itu ternyata tidak mutlak kerana antara teori dengan kenyataan tidak dapat dibuktikan.



Saya yang beragama Islam tidak bersetuju dengan teori Charles Darwin di atas. Allah s.w.t melalui Al Qur’an telah menjelaskan bahawa wujudnya alam semesta ini berikut segala isinya diciptakan oleh Allah. Hal ini dinyatakan dengan firman Allah:
"Yang menciptakan langit dan bumi dan apa yang ada iantara keduanya dalam enam masa, kemudian Dia bersemayam diatas Arsy (Dialah) Yang Maha Pemurah, maka tanyakanlah itu kepada Yang Maha Mengetahui." (QS. Al Furqaan (25) : 59)
"...dan Dia telah menciptakan segala sesuatu, dan Dia menetapkan ukuran-ukurannya dengan serapi-rapinya" (QS. Al Furqaan (25) : 2)
Oleh itu, saya berpendapat bahawa teori evolusi Darwin tidak dapat diterima. Dari penelitian membuktikan bahawa kurun akhir adalah masa dimana mulai muncul manusia yang berbudaya dan Allah menciptakan lima kurun sebelumnya lengkap dengan segala isinya adalah untuk memenuhi kehendak yang diperlukan oleh manusia. Hal ini dijelaskan oleh Allah di dalam satu firman-Nya:
"Dia-lah Allah, yang menjadikan segala yang ada di bumi untuk kamu dan Dia berkehendak (menciptakan) langit, lalu dijadikan-Nya tujuh langit. Dan Dia Maha Mengetahui atas segala sesuatu" (QS Al Baqarah (2) : 29)
Kemudian di dalam surat Al Baqarah ayat 31 s/d 32 Allah berfirman:
"Dan Dia mengajarkan kepada Adam nama-nama (benda-benda) seluruhnya, kemudian mengemukakannya kepada para Malaikat lalu berfirman : ‘Sebutlah kepada-Ku nama benda-benda itu jika kamu memang orang-orang yang benar!’. Mereka menjawab : ‘Maha Suci Engkau, tidak ada yang kami ketahui selain daripada apa yang telah Engkau ajarkan kepada kami; Sesungguhnya Engkaulah yang Maha Mengetahui lagi Maha Bijaksana (QS. Al Baqarah (2): 31-32)
Untuk memelihara kelebihan ilmu yang dimiliki oleh Adam a.s maka Allah berkenan menurunkan kepada semua keturunannya agar darjat mereka lebih tinggi daripada makhluk yang lain.
"Ingatlah ketika Tuhanmu berfirman kepada para Malaikat : ‘Sesungguhnya Aku hendak menjadikan seorang khalifah di muka bumi’. Mereka berkata : ‘Mengapa Engkau hendak menjadikan (khalifah) di bumi itu orang yang akan membuat kerusakan padanya dan menumpahkan darah, padahal kami senantiasa bertasbih dengan memuji Engkau dan mensucikan Engkau?’. Tuhan berfirman : ‘Sesungguhnya Aku mengetahui apa yang tdak kamu ketahui’."(QS. Al Baqarah (2): 30)

Berdasarkan ayat-ayat Al Quran di atas, dapatlah dibuat kesimpulan bahawa Adam a.s adalah manusia pertama, khalifah pertama dan Rasul (nabi) pertama. Hal ini sesuai dengan firman Allah:
"Dan tidak ada suatu umatpun (manusia) melainkan telah ada padanya seorang pemberi peringatan (Nabi)." (QS. Fathir : 24)
"Tiap-tiap umat mempunyai Rasul." (QS. Yunus : 47)
Saya tidak bersetuju tentang teori Charles Darwin berasaskan sebab-sebab saya nyatakan di atas.

Rujukan:


MY FRIENDS BLOG

1K3

1K2


Mine, Mine, Minecraft,

First I opened my eyes,
Then I felt such a strange breeze,
I have travelled to a world made of blocks,
Totally unbeknownst to me
When you play Mine, Mine, Minecraft,
Mine, Mine, Minecraft,
Mine, Mine, Minecraft,
Oh oh oh oh, oh oh oh oh
There were animals all across the land,
Villagers working hard hand in hand,
There were roses, mountains and a big blue sea,
Even trees as far as the eye could see
How’d this happen? Why am I here?
What’s my purpose in this place?
Who’s that coming? What am I hearing?
As the night approaches, I should go and hide,
There’s all sort of creatures, run with all my might
When you play Mine, Mine, Minecraft,
Mine, Mine, Minecraft,
Mine, Mine, Minecraft,
Oh oh oh oh, oh oh oh oh
When you play Mine, Mine, Minecraft,
Mine, Mine, Minecraft,
Mine, Mine, Minecraft,
Oh oh oh oh, oh oh oh oh
Endermen and zombies, creepers who go hide,
Either live or die, it’s up for me to decide
When you play Mine, Mine, Minecraft,
Mine, Mine, Minecraft,
Mine, Mine, Minecraft,
Oh oh oh oh, oh oh oh oh
When you play Mine, Mine, Minecraft,
Mine, Mine, Minecraft,
Mine, Mine, Minecraft,
Oh oh oh oh, oh oh oh oh


POEM

I’m waking up to TNT
I eat my chop and I craft my sword
I’m covered in these spider webs
They’re breaking in, surprise attack
so I jump on my horse’s back
this is it, the apocalypse
Whoa, I’m waking up
I made a dumb mistake
enough to make an earthquake
Welcome to the new day, to the new day
Welcome to the new day, and with an update
Whoa, whoa, it couldn’t get worse,
Imagine dragons, Enderdragons
whoa, whoa; it couldn’t get worse,
Imagine dragons, Enderdragons
I raise my sword
put on my armor
it’s an uprising,
I suppose

We’re painted grey
to fit right in

PHILOSOPHY - REFLECTION

PHILOSOPHY:
The study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument. In more casual speech, by extension, "philosophy" can refer to "the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group".
The word "philosophy" comes from the Ancient Greek Ï†Î¹Î»Î¿ÏƒÎ¿Ï†Î¯Î± (philosophia), which literally means "love of wisdom". The introduction of the terms "philosopher" and "philosophy" has been ascribed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras.
HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY:
WESTERN PHILOSOPHY:
Western Philosophy is generally said to begin in the Greek cities of western Asia Minor (Ionia) with Thales of Miletus, who was active around 585 B.C. and left us the opaque dictum, "all is water." His most noted students were Anaximenes of Miletus ("all is air") and Anaximander (all is apeiron).
EASTERN PHILOSOPHY:
In the West, the term Eastern philosophy refers very broadly to the various philosophies of "the East", namely Asia, including China, India, Japan, Persia and the general area. One must take into account that this term ignores that these countries do not belong to a single culture. Ancient eastern philosophy developed mainly in India and China.
PARADOX:
Example:
“This sentence is false.” referred to as the liar paradox.
Is it true?
If it is true, it will be false.
Is it false?
If it is false, it will be true.
Contradiction?
We have reached a contradiction.
True or False? Paradox?
Since we cannot determine whether the sentence is true or false, it is NOT a “statement” as we defined statement in formal logic. Instead it is a paradox.
 
“Any result so contrary to common sense and intuition that invokes as immediate emotion of surprise,” defines Martin Gardener.

Another example:
Type of paradox
Time travel paradox
Question?
Supposedly Joe Time Traveler goes back in time and gets into a car accident. Tragically, he kills his mother when he is just a child. Then what happens?
Note:
This is just “One” of the many paradoxes that arise from the travel.
INDUCTIVE REASONING:
Meaning:
Reasoning which begins with limited examples
Example
The first crow I saw was black.
The second crow I saw was black.
All crows I have ever seen have been black.
Therefore all crows are black.
DEDUCTIVE REASONING:
Meaning:
Reasoning that begins with premises and discover what meet-able results are from these premises.
Example
The sunrises every morning.
Therefore, the sun will rise tomorrow morning.
CONTRAPOSITIVE:
Definition:
The statement (~q -> ~p) is called the contra-positive of the statement
(p -> q)
Written:
~q -> ~p
Said:
If not Q, then not P.
Example:
p
Bessie is a cow.
q
She moos.
p -> q
If Bessie if a cow, she moos.
~q -> ~p
If she does not moo, she is not Bessie.